Streszczenie:
At the beginning of the 1960s, linguistics turned away from traditional issues in
linguistic research and focused on cognitive aspects. This so called cognitive turn in
language analysis opened up new research perspectives. It pointed to the relevance of
language as a medium of thought, and thus to the dialectical correspondence between
language and thought.
This new approach to linguistic analysis let the researchers rediscover the
forgotten writings of the Polish physician and natural scientist Ludwik Fleck. The
monograph he published in 1935 as well as his epistemological works on the sociology
of knowledge based on some important findings in the field of bacteriology and
serology failed to gain any recognition for decades. It was not until 30 years later that
Thomas S. Kuhn referred to Fleck in the preface to The Structure of Scientific
Revolutions – a fact that gave impetus to the renewed studies of Fleck’s work.
